The articles of the OPERA group

Simon-Pierre Gorza 

High detuning cavity solitons in a long fiber resonator with Raman gain

Temporal cavity solitons are stable light pulses formed in fiber Kerr resonators, widely studied for frequency
comb generation, ultrafast optics, and optical metrology. These solitons result from the interplay of nonlinearity,
dispersion, cavity losses, and external driving power [1]. In passive fiber resonators driven by continuous waves,
longer cavities support more solitons but suffer from higher losses and limited detuning ranges [2, 3]. Synchronous
pulse driving eases detuning constraints but imposes a limit on the number of solitons. Active fiber cavities incor-
porating erbium amplifiers counter passive losses but are constrained by the saturation power of the erbium gain
medium [4]. To achieve high detuning and a large number of solitons, an ideal cavity would combine a long cavity
with continuous driving and effective loss compensation. This paper introduces a new type of active fiber Kerr
resonator leveraging Raman amplification to counter cavity losses without restricting intracavity power.

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DI-Fusion

François Léo

Transdimensional dynamics of Kerr cavity solitons

Yifan Sun , 1,2,* Pedro Parra-Rivas , 3,2 Francois Leo , 1 Carles Milián , 4 and Stefan Wabnitz 2
1Service OPERA-Photonique, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
2DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
3Applied Physics, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
4Institut Universitari de Matemàtica Pura i Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
(Received 14 November 2024; revised 9 March 2025; accepted 20 May 2025; published 15 July 2025)

We study the bifurcation and stability of radial symmetric solitons in one- (1D), two- (2D), and three-
dimensional (3D) damped-driven Kerr cavity systems. We employ a dimension-parameterized one-dimensional
framework, by imposing symmetry, where the dimension of the systems can be adjusted by a real parameter,
enabling us to analyze the impact of the dimensionality increase, in a continuous fashion, on the system’s
dynamics. Our results applied to Kerr cavity solitons unveil how key bifurcations, such as Hopf or exponential
instabilities, appear in the system and reveal that the soliton solutions tend to become more and more unstable in
systems with increased dimensions. Consequently, the stability region for 2D solitons is much narrower than in
1D, and all 3D solitons are unstable against collapse in the 3D damped-driven nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Our results and methods may be applied to other physically relevant 1D, 2D, 3D systems under symmetric
conditions.

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DI-Fusion

Pascal Kockaert

Stephane Clemmen